#Basic c programs asked in interview for freshers code#
This code sets vptr of the object being created. The compiler adds additional code at two places to maintain and use vtable and vptr.ġ) Code in every constructor.
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It is maintained per object (See this for an example). The vtable is a table of function pointers. ‘this’ pointer is not available in static member functions as static member functions can be called without any object (with class name). ‘this’ pointer is a constant pointer that holds the memory address of the current object. The ‘this’ pointer is passed as a hidden argument to all nonstatic member function calls and is available as a local variable within the body of all nonstatic functions. The virtual keyword is used to make a function virtual.įollowing things are necessary to write a C++ program with runtime polymorphism (use of virtual functions)Ģ) A function with the same name in a base class and derived class.ģ) A pointer or reference of base class type pointing or referring to an object of a derived class.įor example, in the following program bp is a pointer of type Base, but a call to bp->show() calls show() function of Derived class, because bp points to an object of Derived class. In other words, virtual functions are resolved late, at runtime. Virtual functions are used with inheritance, they are called according to the type of the object pointed or referred to, not according to the type of pointer or reference. What are virtual functions – Write an example? Also, members of an object reference can be accessed with dot operator (‘.’), unlike pointers where arrow operator (->) is needed to access members. ‘&’ operator is needed only at the time of declaration. It is still possible to have references that don’t refer to a valid location (See questions 5 and 6 in the below exercise )Ģ) Easier to use: References don’t need dereferencing operator to access the value. References being more powerful in Java is the main reason Java doesn’t need pointers.ġ) Safer: Since references must be initialized, wild references like wild pointers are unlikely to exist. In Java, references don’t have the above restrictions and can be used to implement all data structures. Map in C++ Standard Template Library (STL)ĭue to the above limitations, references in C++ cannot be used for implementing data structures like Linked List, Tree, etc.The C++ Standard Template Library (STL).Construct a Binary Tree from Postorder and Inorder.Construct Tree from given Inorder and Preorder traversals.Print Postorder traversal from given Inorder and Preorder traversals.Inorder Tree Traversal without recursion and without stack!.Inorder Tree Traversal without Recursion.Tree Traversals (Inorder, Preorder and Postorder).Breadth First Search or BFS for a Graph.Unique paths covering every non-obstacle block exactly once in a grid.Print all possible paths from top left to bottom right of a mXn matrix.
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